The Sun is an important & most permanent object in our solar system. Sun is the largest planet known to scientist in outer space and contains about 98% of the whole solar system mass. Just imagine and compare: in order to fit across the Sun’s disk with Earths, you will need 109 Earth planets. The Sun’s interior could contain nearly 1.3 million of Earth planets. The photosphere’s temperature is 6,000°C (11,000°F). The photosphere is the Sun’s outer visible layer. The layer has a spotty appearance according to the turbulent eruptions of energy at its surface.
Solar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. The temperature (15,000,000° C; 27,000,000° F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth’s air pressure at sea level) is so immense that constant nuclear reactions occur. Reactions lead up to four protons or hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus. The alpha particle is about 7% less king-sized than the four protons. The difference in mass is extruded as energy and is brought to the surface of the Sun, through the convection process. On the Sun surface it is produced as light with heat. It takes millions of years for the energy which is generated in the core of the Sun to reach the surface. Every moment 700 million tons of hydrogen is transformed into helium ashes. During this process 5 million tons of pure energy is discharged; therefore in future the Sun becomes lighter.
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The photosphere is situated under the chromosphere. Solar energy passes through The photosphere just form the center of the Sun. Faculae and flares appear in the chromosphere. Bright hydrogen clouds of faculae form above area where sunspots are about to form. Flares are bright filaments of hot gas which emerges from sunspot regions. Sunspots are dark depressions on the photosphere with a typical temperature of 4,000°C (7,000°F).
The outer part of the Sun’s atmosphere is the corona. Prominences appear in this region, which are huge clouds of glowing gas that appear from the upper chromosphere. The outer region of the corona goes far into space & contains particles which travel slowly away from the Sun. The corona can only be seen during total solar eclipses.
The Sun has been active for 4.6 billion years and has enough fuel to go on for billions of years. In an unpredictable number of years the Sun will start growing in outer space & will swallow the Earth because it will start to fuse helium into heavier elements. It may take a trillion years to cool off completely.
